Cellulitis - What Is It? Dr Vivek Baliga Writes

Have you ever experienced a condition where the skin in the lower part of your leg or any other part of the body becomes warm and quiet tender? Then you may have experienced a condition called cellulitis.

Cellulitis is a bacterial infection of the tissue that lies beneath the skin. It is a common infection in people who suffer from diabetes. The portal of entry is often from a break in the skin. This break in the skin is usually seen in between the toes or from an infected toenail. Sometimes, an injury to the skin can lead to cellulitis. Cellulitis can also be seen in the arm or any other part of the body. There is usually a preceding event that leads to its development.

What Causes Cellulitis?

Cellulitis is caused by a bacterial infection. The most common bacteria that cause cellulitis are called streptococcus or staphylococcus. Sometimes, more serious organisms such as methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA, can lead to cellulitis. The entry point for these bacteria is usually a break in the skin. This break may be due to trauma or injury. An insect bite can also create an entry point for bacteria to enter. Dry skin can lead to skin breaks and tears, which in turn allow bacteria to pass through.

Once bacteria enter, it creates a home in the tissue just under the skin (Called subcutaneous tissue). Here, with the help of fresh blood that is rich in sugar, the bacteria grow and the infection begins to spread. If left untreated, cellulitis can involve deeper tissues such as muscle and bone as well. This can sometimes be life-threatening and may require amputation.

Are There Any Risk Factors?

There are quite a few really. If you have diabetes, your risk of cellulitis is very high. This is the reason why doctors always advise good foot care in all diabetes patients. A previous history of cellulitis is also another risk factor. Advancing age, poor immune system, skin problems such as eczema and chickenpox and being overweight are also risk factors.

What Are The Symptoms?

People with cellulitis experience swelling in the affected area, along with redness, warmth and tenderness as well. A high fever may accompany the illness.

Tests and Diagnosis

If you are suffering from cellulitis, your doctor may advise a few tests. Blood tests may reveal a high white cell count and ESR, indicative of a bacterial infection. An x-ray may be done to see if the bone is involved. If there is pus oozing out, a pus culture test may be performed. If you have a high fever, a blood culture test may be done to determine if the bacteria has entered the blood stream.

Treatment

Cellulitis is effectively treated with antibiotics. In the early stages, oral antibiotics are usually sufficient. However, if the condition is severe, then admission and intravenous antibiotics may be used. If the swelling is large and painful, small surgical incisions may be made over the skin to allow the pus to drain. This can expedite the healing process.

After the treatment has concluded, patients will be asked to take good care of their feet and to maintain good personal hygiene.

Closing Remarks

Cellulitis is a common problem, and can be quite serious if ignored, especially if you have diabetes. Make sure you take the right steps towards maintaining good personal hygiene, and protecting your feet when you are out walking.

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